Number-conserving model for boson pairing

Abstract

An independent-pair ansatz is developed for the many-body wave function of dilute Bose systems. The pair correlation is optimized by minimizing the expectation value of the full Hamiltonian (rather than the truncated Bogoliubov one) providing a rigorous energy upper bound. In contrast with the Jastrow model, hypernetted chain theory provides closed-form exactly solvable equations for the optimized pair correlation. The model involves both condensate and coherent pairing with number conservation and kinetic-energy sum rules satisfied exactly and the compressibility sum rule obeyed at low density. We compute, for bulk boson matter at a given density and zero temperature, (i) the two-body distribution function, (ii) the energy per particle, (iii) the sound velocity, (iv) the chemical potential, (v) the momentum distribution and its condensate fraction, and (vi) the pairing function, which quantifies the off-diagonal long-range order resulting from the structural properties of the two-particle density matrix. The connections with the low-density expansion and Bogoliubov theory are analyzed at different density values, including the density and scattering length regime of interest of trapped-atom Bose-Einstein condensates. Comparison with the available diffusion Monte Carlo results is also made.