Association of Indian diabetes risk score with arterial stiffness in Asian Indian non-diabetic subjects : The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES - 84)

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we aim to determine the association of Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) with augmentation index (AI), a preclinical marker of early atherosclerotic changes. Methods: Subjects without known diabetes (n = 1985) were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, an ongoing population-based study on a representative population (aged .20 years) of Chennai, the largest city in Southern India. Augmentation index was measured using the Sphygmocor apparatus (Sphygmocor BPAS-1; PWV Medical, Sydney, Australia). Serum lipids were measured in an overnight fasting sample along with other biochemical parameters. Indian Diabetes Risk Score includes four parameters: age, abdominal obesity, family history of type 2 diabetes, and physical activity. Results: Arterial stiffness values increased with an increase in IDRS. Subjects with IDRS ≥60 had significantly higher AI (24.6 ± 7.2; p < .001) compared to subjects with an IDRS of 30.60 (16.4 ± 5.5; p < .001) and with IDRS <30 (13.3 ± 4.5), and the p for trend was statistically significant (<.001). Pearson correlation analysis in the total population revealed that AI was significantly correlated with age (p < .001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < .001), IDRS (p < .001), glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) (p < .001), serum cholesterol (p < .001),serum triglycerides (p < .001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p < .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < .001), and non-HDL cholesterol (p < .001). In linear regression analysis, IDRS showed a significant association with AI even after adjusting for blood pressure, smoking, insulin resistance, A1C, cholesterol, and triglycerides (β = 6.388; p < .001). Conclusion: This study shows that, in addition to identifying unknown diabetes, IDRS also helps to identify those with arterial stiffness.