A single-center, open, comparative study of the effect of using self-monitoring of blood glucose to guide therapy on preclinical atherosclerotic markers in type 2 diabetic subjects

Abstract

Background: The aim of our study was to determine the effect of treatment based on preprandial and postprandial self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on the progression of carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Methods: In this 18-month prospective trial, we recruited subjects 18.70 years of age, treated with metformin and sulfonylurea, with a standardized hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ≤9.0%. Subjects were randomized to use of fasting/preprandial (FP) SMBG results to adjust evening medication or use of postprandial (PP) SMBG results to adjust morning medication. The primary end point was change in CIMT; change in HbA1c was a secondary end point. Results: Of the 300 subjects randomized, 280 (140 in each group) completed all biochemical tests and CIMT analysis. Carotid intima-medial thickness was reduced significantly in PP subjects from 0.78 (±0.15) mm to 0.73 (±0.14) mm (p < 0.005), but no significant CIMT reduction was seen in FP subjects. A significant reduction in HbA1c was also seen in the PP group (p < 0.005) but not in the FP group 1 (p = 0.165). Significant improvements in body mass index (p = 0.038), waist circumference (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008), and serum cholesterol (p = 0.02) were also seen in PP subjects but not in FP subjects. Conclusion: Use of postprandial SMBG data to adjust therapy was associated with a significant regression of carotid intima-medial thickening and a reduction in HbA1c in T2DM, whereas no significant improvement in these parameters was seen in subjects who used fasting/preprandial SMBG data for therapy adjustment.