Simultaneous VHF radar backscatter and ionosonde observations of low-latitude E region

Abstract

The first results of simultaneous observations made on the low-latitude field-aligned irregularities (FAI) using the MST radar located at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E, dip 12.5°) and the E_s parameters using an ionosonde at a nearby station Sriharikota (13.7°N, 80.1°E, dip 12.6°) are presented. The observations show that while the height of the most intense radar echoes is below the virtual height of E_s (h'E_s) during daytime, it is found to be either below or above during nighttime. The strength of the FAI is better correlated with the top penetration frequency (f_tE_s) and the blanketing frequency (f_bE_s) during the night (r=0.4 in both cases) as compared to the day (r=0.35 and -0.04, respectively). Furthermore, the signal strength of FAI is reasonably correlated with (f_tE_s-f_bE_s) during daytime (r=0.59) while very poorly correlated during nighttime (r=0.18). While the radar observations in general appear to have characteristics close to that of mid-latitudes, the relationship of these with the E_s parameters are poorer than that of mid-latitudes. The observations reported here, nevertheless, are quite consistent with the expectations based on the gradient drift instability mechanism.