Time variation of scour at abutments

Abstract

A semiempirical model is presented to compute the time variation of scour depth in an evolving scour hole at short abutments (abutment length/flow depth ≤ 1), namely the vertical wall, 45° wing wall, and semicircular, in uniform and nonuniform sediments under a clear water scour condition. The methodology developed for computing the time variation of scour depth is based on the concept of the conservation of the mass of sediment, considering the primary vortex system as the main agent of scouring, and assuming a layer-by-layer scouring process. For an equilibrium scour hole, the characteristic parameters affecting the nondimensional equilibrium scour depth (scour depth/abutment length), identified based on the physical reasoning and dimensional analysis, are excess abutment Froude number, flow depth— abutment length ratio, and abutment length— sediment diameter ratio. Experiments were conducted for time variation and equilibrium scour depths at different sizes of vertical walls, 45° wing walls and semicircular abutments in uniform and nonuniform sediments under limiting clear water scour conditions (approaching flow velocity nearly equal to the critical velocity for bed sediments). The present model corresponds closely with the data of time variation of scour depth in uniform and nonuniform sediments obtained from the present experiments and reported by different investigators.