A comprehensive index for longitudinal monitoring of child health status

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a single comprehensive index of child mortality for longitudinal assessment of health status of children. The need for such a comprehensive index arose from conflicting trends in different child mortality indicators. The data for the study was taken from the Sample Registration System (SRS) reports of the Registrar General of India. SRS is known to provide reliable estimates of births and deaths at the State and the National level. The study included five child mortality indicators namely, under five mortality rate (U5MR), infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and still birth rate. These were available for fifteen states of India over the years 1972-1988. To develop this index we modified an earlier method based on factor analysis so as to make the index suitable for longitudinal analysis. Factor analysis of data on various indicators of child mortality revealed two factors which together explained 78% to 93% of the total variation in different years. The first factor was identified as representing mortality after birth and the second as before and during birth. The comprehensive index was obtained as a linear combination of these two factors. The resultant index thus fairly represented all five mortality indicators and provided a comprehensive and reasonably correct picture of child mortality. The lower the magnitude of this index, the better was the child health status. Trends in the index showed that the highest decline in the magnitude was in the state of Kerala followed by Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra in that order. This indicates steady improvement of the child health status over years in these states. In the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the index remained more or less constant over the years though the magnitude was low in the cross-sectional comparison with other states. Thus the comprehensive index developed by using factor analysis of the various mortality indicators can be used for the longitudinal monitoring of child health status in the states of India.