Forest floor biomass, litterfall and nutrient return in Central Himalayan Oak forests

Abstract

The seasonal dynamics of forest floor biomass, pattern of litter fall and nutrient return in Central Himalayan oak forests are described. Fresh and partially decomposed litter layers occur throughout the whole year in addition to herbaceous vegetation. The highest leaf litter value is found in April and May and the minimum in September. Partially and largely decomposed litter tended to increase from January to May with a slight decline in June. The wood litter peaked in March and April. The relative contribution of partially decomposed litter to the forest floor remains greatest the year round. The maximum herbaceous vegetation development was found in September with a total annual net production of 104.3 g m⁻²yr⁻¹. The total calculated input of litter was 480.8 g m⁻²yr⁻¹. About 68% of the forest floor was replaced each year with a subsequent turnover time of 1.47 yr. The total annual input of litter ranged from 664 (Quercus floribunda site) -952 g m⁻² (Q. lanuginosa site), of which tree, shrub and herbaceous litter accounted for respectively 72.0-86.3%, 6.4 - 19.4% and 5.2 - 8.6%. The annual nutrient return through litter fall amounted to (kg ha⁻¹) 178.0 - 291.0 N, 10.0 - 26.9 P, 176.8 - 301.6 Ca, 43.9 - 64.1 K and 3.98 - 6.45 Na. The tree litter showed an annual replacement of 66.0 - 70.0%, for different nutrients the range was 64 and 84%.