Origin, evolution, and future of isoprene and nitric oxide interactions within leaves

Velikova, Violeta and Dani, Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta and Loreto, Francesco (2023) Origin, evolution, and future of isoprene and nitric oxide interactions within leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 74 (3). pp. 688-706. ISSN 0022-0957

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Abstract

Photolytic generation of nitric oxide (NO), isoprene, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pre-dated life on Earth (~4 billion years ago). However, isoprene–ROS–NO interactions became relevant to climate chemistry ~50 million years ago, after aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems became dominated by isoprene-emitting diatoms and angiosperms. Today, NO and NO2 (together referred to as NOx) are dangerous biogenic gaseous atmospheric pollutants. In plants, NO, with its multiple sources and sinks, acts as a secondary messenger that regulates development at low doses and induces cell death at high doses. Likewise, biogenic isoprene is a putative antioxidant and hormone ‘enabler’ that hastens plant (and leaf) growth and reproduction, and improves plant tolerance to transient abiotic stresses. Using examples from controlled-chamber simulation and field studies of isoprene oxidation, we discuss the likely nature and extent of isoprene oxidation within leaves. We argue that isoprene–NO interactions vary greatly among plant species, driven by differences in isoprene emission rate and nitrate assimilation capacity (i.e. NO sink strength), ROS availability, and the within-leaf ratio between free-NO and isoprene. In a warmer and CO2-fertilized future climate, antagonism between isoprene and NO within leaves will probably occur in a NO-rich (relative to present) environment, yielding a greater proportion of isoprene oxidation products, and inducing major changes in NO-mediated growth and stress responses.

Item Type:	Article
Authors:	Velikova, Violeta and Dani, Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta and Loreto, Francesco
Editors:	Editors Email ORCID Ort, Donald UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
Document Language:	Language English
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biosphere–atmosphere interactions, isoprene oxidation, NOx, reactive oxygen species, signalling, stress resistance
Subjects:	Natural Sciences > Earth sciences > Geology, hydrology, meteorology > Climatology and weather Natural Sciences > Life sciences; biology > Biochemistry Natural Sciences > Life sciences; biology > Ecology
Divisions:	Azim Premji University - Bengaluru > School of Arts and Sciences
Full Text Status:	Restricted
URI:	http://publications.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/id/eprint/7037
Publisher URL:	https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb%2Ferac459

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