Allelopathic effects of parthenin against two weedy species, Avena fatua and Bidens pilosa

Abstract

Parthenin is a natural constituent of Parthenium hysterophorus with phytotoxic and allelopathic properties. Its effect on two weedy species viz. Avena fatua and Bidens pilosa was studied with a view to explore its herbicidal potential. Germination of both the weeds was reduced with increasing concentration of parthenin and a dose-response relationship was observed. This provided information on LC₅₀ and Inhibition threshold concentrations of parthenin that could be useful for future studies. Further, parthenin also inhibited the growth of both the weeds in terms of root and shoot length and seedling dry weight. Inhibition of root growth was greater than that of shoot growth. Similar observations were made when the test weeds were grown in soil amended with different concentrations of parthenin. In addition to growth, there was a reduction of chlorophyll content in the growing seedlings. It also caused water loss in the weedy species. The study, therefore, reveals that parthenin exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth and development of both weeds and can be further explored as a herbicide for future weed management strategies.