Chemotherapy in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC): an analysis of prognostic factors

Abstract

Objective: Prognosis of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is generally poor. Cisplatin is the most effective drug. We used three cisplatin based chemotherapeutic (CT) regimens and retrospectively analyzed the data to determine the response rate, toxicity, survival and the impact of various prognostic factors on the outcome. Patients and Methods: Between August, 1989 and September, 1997, 102 patients were diagnosed to have recurrent EOC. Sixty-five of 102 patients received CT every 3 weeks using cisplatin 75 mg/m² IV day 1 plus cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m² IV day 1 (CP, Group A, n = 29), cisplatin 75 mg/m² IV day 1, plus adriamycin 40 mg/m² IV day 1 and cyclophosphamide (CAP, Group B, n = 22) and paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 IV day 1 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m² IV day 1 (TP, Group C, n = 14). Twelve patients received single agent CT and were not analyzed. Remaining 25 patients refused CT treatment and were followed for survival. Results: The overall response rate (complete and partial) was 59.2% for patients receiving CP (Group A), 45% for CAP (Group B) and 76.9% for those receiving TP (Group C), p = ns. Response rate was significantly higher for patients with platinum sensitive disease compared to those with platinum resistant disease; 55.76 vs 39%, p < 0.007. CT was generally tolerated well; 2 patients died of CT toxicity, one each in Group A (CP) and C (TP), respectively. The median survival from the date of relapse for patients receiving chemotherapy was 15 months compared to 4 months for those who did not receive chemotherapy, p < 0.001. Chemotherapy responders had a significantly higher median survival than chemotherapy non-responders, 24 months vs 10 months, p < 0.01. The median overall survival was not significantly different in the 3 groups; Group A-15 months, Group B-12 months and 15 months in Group C, p = 0.738. On univariate analysis - time since last CT (< 6 months vs > 6 months, p < 0.037, response to previous CT, p < 0.0183, cisplatinum sensitivity vs resistance, p < 0.032, number of sites (< 2 vs > 2) of recurrence, p < 0.004 and response to salvage CT, p < 0.01 were associated with survival benefit. On multivariate analysis, 2 factors - platinum sensitivity and response to salvage CT attained significance. Conclusions: Our study confirms the benefit of platinum based chemotherapy in recurrent EOC. Patients with platinum sensitive disease, and those responding to salvage chemotherapy benefit most.