Hamster contraception associated protein 1 (CAP1)

Abstract

Based on cDNA and amino acid sequence, we demonstrate that hamster contraception associated protein 1 (CAP1) protein (an homolog of DJ-1 in mouse, CAP1/SP22/RS in rat and DJ-1/RS in human) is conserved during evolution. Through solubilization studies, it was demonstrated that hamster CAP1 has a peripheral membrane localization. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the migration pattern for hamster CAP1 compared to the other rodent counterparts, rat and mouse was different; indicating species-specific differences in the protein (possibly due to post-translational modifications). This protein also shows a ubiquitous presence in both somatic and germ tissues, and has been localized to the sperm tail. It was noticed that hamster CAP1 was lost from the mid piece of spermatozoa during capacitation. Interestingly, following in vitro treatment with ornidazole, CAP1 was lost from the spermatozoa and immunofluorescence studies showed that the major loss was from the mid piece of the spermatozoa. Another interesting feature highlighted about hamster CAP1 is its tendency to exist in two pI isoforms. Summarily, hamster CAP1 appears to exhibit species-specific differences compared to its rodent counterparts with respect to its unique peripheral localization, its size, two pI isoforms, and fate during capacitation, which may have implications in its functions.