Vaccines for control of fertility and hormone dependent cancers

Abstract

Two vaccines, namely one inducing antibodies against hCG and the other against GnRH, are now in clinical trials. The hCG vaccine has entered Phase II clinical trials in three centres in India after successfully completing Phase I clinical studies in several centres in India and in four countries abroad. The vaccine was found to be devoid of side-effects; its effect was reversible. The available data on 179 cycles indicate that the vaccine prevents pregnancy at antibody titres above 50 ng/ml. A genetically engineered version of the vaccine has also been approved for trials in human lung cancer patients of the type which make hCG. hCG is observed to be a growth factor for such tumours. The GnRH vaccine is usable in both males and females as the deca-peptide is common to both sexes. Following suitable experimental and toxicology studies, the vaccine is currently in Phase I/Phase II clinical trials in patients of prostate carcinoma. Where antibody GnRH antibodies were induced, the LH, FSH and testosterone levels declined. This was accompanied by a reduction in prostate specific antigen. Clinical improvement was observed in many cases. The vaccine has also entered Phase I clinical studies in postpartum women, with the objective to extend the lactational amenorrhoea and extend inter-child interval.