Influence of state of stress on the processing map for hot working of stainless steel type AISI 304L: compression vs. torsion

Abstract

Processing maps for hot working of stainless steel of type AISI 304L have been developed on the basis of the flow stress data generated by compression and torsion in the temperature range 600–1200°C and strain rate range 0.1–100 s⁻¹. The efficiency of power dissipation given by 2m/(m+1) where m is the strain rate sensitivity is plotted as a function of temperature and strain rate to obtain a processing map, which is interpreted on the basis of the Dynamic Materials Model. The maps obtained by compression as well as torsion exhibited a domain of dynamic recrystallization with its peak efficiency occurring at 1200°C and 0.1 s⁻¹. These are the optimum hot-working parameters which may be obtained by either of the test techniques. The peak efficiency for the dynamic recrystallization is apparently higher (64%) than that obtained in constant-true-strain-rate compression (41%) and the difference in explained on the basis of strain rate variations occurring across the section of solid torsion bar. A region of flow instability has occurred at lower temperatures (below 1000°C) and higher strain rates (above 1 s⁻¹) and is wider in torsion than in compression. To achieve complete microstructure control in a component, the state of stress will have to be considered.