[B₄O₉H₂] cyclic borate units as the building unit in a family of zinc borate structures

Abstract

A solvothermal reaction of ZnO, boric acid (B(OH)₃), and aliphatic amines in a water-pyridine mixture gave four zinc borate phases of different dimensionalities: [Zn(B₄O₈H₂)(C₃H₁₀N₂), I (one-dimensional); [Zn(B₄O₈H₂) (C₃H₁₀N₂)]·H₂O, II (two-dimensional); [Zn(B₅O₁₀H₃)(C₁₀H₂₄N₄ )]·H₂O, III (two-dimensional); and [Zn₂(B₈O₁₅H₂)(C₃H₁₀ N₂)₂], IV (three-dimensional). The structures are formed by the connectivity involving polyborate chains and layers with Zn²⁺ species. In all the compounds, the amine molecules act as the ligand binding either the same or different Zn centers. The formation of two different structures, II and IV, from the same amine by varying the reaction time is noteworthy. Transformation studies on II indicate that the formation of IV, from II, is facile and has been investigated for the first time. Two of the compounds, I and III, exhibit activity for second-order nonlinear optical behavior. The UV exposure of the sample indicates the absorption of all the UV radiation suggesting that the zinc borate compounds could be exploited for UV-blocking applications. The compounds have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-vis, photoluminescence, and NMR studies.