Thermodynamics of colchicinoid-tubulin interactions. Role of B-ring and C-7 substituent

Abstract

The quenching of tryptophan fluorescence has been used to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of binding of B-ring analogs of colchicine to tubulin. The on rate, activation energy, off-rate, and thermodynamics of binding reaction have been found to be controlled at different points of analog structure. The on-rate and off-rate of deacetamidocolchicine (DAAC) binding with tubulin is 17 times slower than that of 2-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone-tubulin (AC-tubulin) interaction, although both reactions have very similar activation energies. The presence of B-ring alone does not significantly affect the thermodynamics of the binding reactions either, since both AC-tubulin and DAAC-tubulin interactions are enthalpy driven. Introduction of a NH₂ group at C-7 position of the B-ring, as in deacetylcolchicine (NH₂-DAAC) lowers the on-rate further with a significant rise in the value of the activation energy. However, bulkier substitutions at the same position, as in demecolcine (NHMe-DAAC) and N-methyldemecolcine (NMe₂-DAAC) have no significant additional effect either on the on-rate or on the value of activation energy. Introduction of NH₂ group in the C-7 position of B-ring also increases the positive entropy of the binding reaction to a significant extent, and it is maximum when NMe₂ is substituted instead of NH₂ group. Thus, interaction of NH₂-DAAC, NHMe-DAAC, and NMe₂-DAAC with tubulin are entropy driven. Our results suggest that the B-ring side chain of aminocolchicinoids makes contact(s) with dimeric tubulin molecules.