A search for energetic neutrons emitted during solar flares

Abstract

On the basis of solar flare forecasts, balloon flights were made from Hyderabad, India (vertical geomagnetic threshold rigidity of 16.9 GV), to detect the possible emission of high energy neutrons during solar flares. The detector comprised of a central plastic scintillator, completely surrounded by an anticoincidence plastic scintillator shield. The instrument responds to neutrons of about 15-150 MeV and gamma rays of about 5-30 MeV with about the same efficiency. The detector was flown to an atmospheric depth of 25 g cm^-2 on February 26, 1969; while the balloon was at ceiling a flare of importance 2B and one of 1N occurred. No perceptible flare associated increase in the counting rate was observed. Using the observed counting rates, an upper limit of 1.2 × 10^-2 neutrons cm^-2 sec^-1 is obtained for the first time for a flare of importance 2B for neutrons of energy 15-150 MeV. The corresponding upper limit for gamma rays of energy 5-30 MeV is found to be ∼10^-2 photons cm^-2 sec^-1. The neutron flux limits are compared with the recent calculations of Lingenfelter.