Effect of ligands on the reactivity of essential sulfhydryls in brain hexokinase. Possible interaction between substrate binding sites

Abstract

Inactivation of bovine brain mitochondrial hexokinase by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), a sulfhydryl specific reagent, has been investigated. The study shows that the inactivation of the enzyme by DTNB proceeds by way of prior binding of the reagent to the enzyme and involves the reaction of 1 mol of DTNB with a mol of enzyme. At stoichiometric levels of DTNB, the inactivation of the enzyme is accompanied by the formation of a disulfide bond. But it is not clear whether the disulfide bond or the mixed disulfide intermediate formed prior to it causes inactivation. On the basis of considerable protection afforded by glucose against this inactivation it is tentatively concluded that the sulfhydryl residues involved in this inactivation are at the glucose binding site of the enzyme, although other possibilities are not ruled out. An analysis of effects of various substrates and inhibitors on the kinetics of inactivation and sulfhydryl modification by DTNB has led to the proposal that the binding of substrates to the enzyme is interdependent and that glucose and glucose 6-phosphate produce slow conformational changes in the enzyme. Protective effects by ligands have been employed to calculate their dissociation constant with respect to the enzyme. The data also indicate that glucose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate share the same locus on the enzyme as the γ phosphate of ATP and that nucleotides ATP and ADP bind to the enzyme in the absence of Mg²⁺.