Mn²⁺‐Doped Metal Halide Perovskites: Structure, Photoluminescence, and Application

Abstract

Doping impurity ions into semiconductor luminescent materials offers a unique pathway for inducing new emission centers and enabling photoluminescence (PL) tuning. Among various luminescence materials, doping Mn²⁺ into metal halide perovskites becomes a hot topic since Mn²⁺ ions demonstrate an energy transfer route from host to dopants, resulting in interesting photophysical properties. This review aims to discuss the PL properties of Mn²⁺ ions in halide perovskites nanocrystals or bulk crystals with different structural dimensions and local environments (MnX₄^2- tetrahedron, MnX₆^2- octahedron, or shortest Mn─Mn distance). In this regard, the effects of Mn²⁺ doping on the PL properties and their modifications are summarized. Variable ion exchange dynamics, increased emission intensity, and enhanced stability induced by Mn²⁺ doping are analyzed. These results also provide beneficial insights into applications of the doped luminescent halide perovskites. Finally, the present challenges in Mn²⁺-doped luminescent halide perovskites are elaborated.