Plasma cell leukemia: Case series from a tertiary center with review of literature

Abstract

Plasma cell leukemia is an unusual manifestation of multiple myeloma, reported to occur in 2% of newly diagnosed patients. It may either present at the time of diagnosis (primary) or evolve as a late feature in the course of multiple myeloma (secondary). Most clinical signs of myeloma are observed in plasma cell leukemia, although osteolytic lesions and bone pain are less frequent and lymphadenopathy, organomegaly and renal failure are more often present. The immunophenotype of plasma cell leukemia differs typically from that of myeloma by lack of aberrant CD56 expression. An abnormal karyotype is more frequently found in plasma cell leukemia and there is higher incidence of unfavourable cytogenetics. Plasma cell leukemia is an aggressive disease, characterized by a fulminant course and a short survival. We are reporting cases of this rare condition which presented at our center over 3 years along with review of literature.