Spherical microparticles with Saturn ring defects and their self-assembly across the nematic to smectic-$A$phase transition

Abstract

We report experimental studies on the Saturn ring defect associated with a spherical microparticle across the nematic (N) to smectic-A (SmA) phase transition. We observe that the director distortion around the microparticle changes rapidly with temperature. The equilibrium interparticle separation and the angle between two quadrupolar particles in the N phase are larger than those of the SmA phase. They are almost independent of the temperature in both phases, except for a discontinuous jump at the transition. We assembled a few particles using a laser tweezer to form a two-dimensional colloidal crystal in the N phase. The lattice structure of the crystal dissolves irreversibly across the N−SmA phase transition. The results on the pretransitional behavior of the defect are supported by the Landau–de Gennes Q-tensor modeling.