Effect of shear rate on the rate of polymerization of styrene

Abstract

Application of shear was found to have considerable effect on the radical polymerization of styrene initiated by benzoyl peroxide. The initial rate of polymerization decreases by as much as 30% for low shear rates (γ), but on further increasing γ it increases slightly, levelling ultimately at the 10% reduction level. The effect of solvent was shown to have negligible effect, in direct contrast to that observed by Kumar et al. for methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile. Experiments confirm that the reduction in the rate of initial polymerization can be attributed largely to the change in initiator efficiency on the application of shear rate. As a further test, the decomposition rate of benzoyl peroxide in nitrobenzene at 80°C was measured and was found to increase significantly on application of shear. This confirms the importance of mass transfer resistance in removal of CO₂. The reduction in the rate of polymerization of styrene can now be explained as follows. In the reaction mass, there are benzoyloxy as well as phenyl radicals and styrene molecules have been shown by Bevington to react preferentially with the former. The fall in the rate of polymerization of styrene occurs because, on the application of shear, decomposition of benzoyloxy radicals is favoured in the forward direction and its concentration in the reaction mass falls. As a result the initiation of polymer radicals reduces, which in turn gives a lower rate of polymerization.