Pt-doped Ru nanoparticles loaded on 'black gold' plasmonic nanoreactors as air stable reduction catalysts

Abstract

This study introduces a plasmonic reduction catalyst, stable only in the presence of air, achieved by integrating Pt-doped Ru nanoparticles on black gold. This innovative black gold/RuPt catalyst showcases good efficiency in acetylene semi-hydrogenation, attaining over 90% selectivity with an ethene production rate of 320 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Its stability, evident in 100 h of operation with continuous air flow, is attributed to the synergy of co-existing metal oxide and metal phases. The catalyst’s stability is further enhanced by plasmon-mediated concurrent reduction and oxidation of the active sites. Finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal a five-fold electric field intensification near the RuPt nanoparticles, crucial for activating acetylene and hydrogen. Kinetic isotope effect analysis indicates the contribution from the plasmonic non-thermal effects along with the photothermal. Spectroscopic and in-situ Fourier transform infrared studies, combined with quantum chemical calculations, elucidate the molecular reaction mechanism, emphasizing the cooperative interaction between Ru and Pt in optimizing ethene production and selectivity.