Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network by Exponential Node Distribution and Ant-colony Optimization Routing

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of small nodes to collect useful information from environment, but nodes have limited power. Nodes in WSN transmit data to the sink which is fully equipped with energy source and from sink data is transmitted to base station which is capable of connecting the WSN to an existing communications infrastructure or to Internet where user can access to reported information. Sensor nodes near to sink is transmitted their own information as well as forward information from the outer nodes. After some time, sensor nodes near to the sink will lose their energy and then die although outer region nodes are still alive, but information cannot be transmitted to sink because inner region sensor nodes are dead means energy hole comes near to sink, so lifetime of WSN is affected. To minimize energy-hole problem near sink and prolong lifetime of WSN, different approaches are used. In our approach, nodes according to exponential distribution are deployed then ant colony optimization technique is used to route the information.