A dispersive nanoSQUID magnetometer for ultra-low noise, high bandwidth flux detection

Abstract

We describe a dispersive nanoSQUID (nanoscale superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometer comprised of two variable thickness aluminum weak-link Josephson junctions shunted in parallel with an on-chip capacitor. This arrangement forms a nonlinear oscillator with a tunable 4–8 GHz resonant frequency with a quality factor Q = 30 when coupled directly to a 50 Ω transmission line. In the presence of a near-resonant microwave carrier signal, a low frequency flux input generates sidebands that are readily detected using microwave reflectometry. If the carrier excitation is sufficiently strong, then the magnetometer also exhibits parametric gain, resulting in a minimum effective flux noise of 30 nΦ0 Hz−1/2 with 20 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. If the magnetometer is followed with a near-quantum-noise-limited Josephson parametric amplifier, we can increase the bandwidth to 60 MHz without compromising sensitivity. This combination of high sensitivity and wide bandwidth with no on-chip dissipation makes this device ideal for local sensing of spin dynamics, both classical and quantum.