Coupled behavior of pile foundations in liquefied and non-liquefied soils during earthquakes including case study.

Abstract

Design of pile foundations coupled with vertical and lateral loads under earthquake conditions in both liquefied and non-liquefied soils have been addressed in the present study with inclusion of recent advancement in research. Starting with pseudo-static analysis of a pile embedded in non-liquefied and liquefied soil, an analytical procedure based on finite element approach to determine the bending moment and lateral deflection of piles at various depths and normalized moment amplification factor for different l/d ratios have been evaluated. Dynamic analysis of the pile is implemented by using finite difference based FLAC3D program and different ground motions are applied at model base to obtain the complete couple behavior of piles subjected to vertical and lateral loads. Necessary steps for modern design of piles in seismic areas with a case study of pile foundation for oil tanks in Iraq have been presented to highlight the significance of dynamic soil properties, site-specific ground response, liquefaction analysis in addition to behavior of piles as stable foundation system