First principle based delignification mechanism and kinetics of pine needles using Protic Ionic Liquid and Deep Eutectic Solvent in microwave and oil-bath reactors.

Abstract

Biomass and bio-based products play an important role in addressing anthropogenic climate change, presenting both opportunities and challenges [1]. Replacing fossil-based materials, like, plastics and chemicals by bio-based alternatives can significantly reduce emissions from production and disposal processes [2]. Additionally, many bio-based products are biodegradable, minimizing the landfill use and the associated greenhouse gas emissions [3]. However, the growing demand for bioenergy and bio-based products could put pressure on land resources, impacting food security and biodiversity [4]. Cellulose has traditionally been the primary focus of biomass utilization, comprehensive valorization of all major biopolymers, including lignin, is becoming increasingly important for the success of lignocellulosic biorefineries [5]. Lignin makes up a substantial portion of biomass—up to 40% on a dry basis [6]—and …