Sphingolipids in the function of G protein-coupled receptors

Abstract

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest and most diverse protein family in mammals and are involved in information transfer across cellular membranes. GPCRs are known to regulate multiple physiological functions and therefore represent major drug targets in all clinical areas. The fact that GPCRs are integral membrane proteins raises the possibility of their interaction with functionally important membrane lipids such as sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are essential membrane components and are recognized as diverse and dynamic regulators of a multitude of cellular processes. Interaction with sphingolipids could lead to modulation of GPCR structure and function. In this review, we highlight the role of sphingolipids in the function of GPCRs with specific examples. A comprehensive understanding of molecular events involved in GPCR–lipid interaction would provide better insight into GPCR function in health and disease.