Anthropogenic perturbations of tropospheric ion composition

Abstract

This paper presents a simple model of the vertical distribution of the most abundant positive ions in the troposphere. The model is based on a simple ion chemical scheme, measured rate constants, and observed or calculated atmospheric densities of parent neutral compounds. It suggests that in many cases the most abundant gaseous ions are heavy protonated water cluster ions of pyridine, picoline and lutidine with ammonia molecules attached (pyridinated cluster ions) in the lower troposphere (below 7 km altitude), acetone cluster ions in the upper troposphere (between 7 and 15 km) and methyl cyanide cluster ions above 15 km. The relative abundance of heavy clustered aerosol ions is predicted to be highest near the surface. The model suggests that ion composition could be perturbed as a result of human activities (i.e., increasing emissions of parent neutral species including alkaline compounds), and that in particular, the relative atmospheric abundance of pyridinated water cluster ions is increasing dramatically and should further increase in the future.