Studies on the mechanism of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-induced diarrhoea in mice

Abstract

The unidirectional fluxes of Na⁺, Cl^- and Ca²⁺ and activities of calmodulin in the intestinal microvillar core were studied in Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-treated mice. There was net secretion of Na⁺ and Cl^- in toxin-treated animals, while in control animals there was net absorption of these ions. In both control and experimental animals, there was net absorption of Ca²⁺; however, the absorption was significantly higher (P<0.01) in experimental animals when compared to controls. In the presence of Ca²⁺-ionophore, there was a net secretion of Na⁺ and Cl^- in controls, while the Ca²⁺-ionophore could not cause any change in the fluxes of these ions in experimental animals. The activity of calmodulin was significantly higher (P<0.01) in experimental animals. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, and trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, reversed the effects of Ca²⁺-ionophore and heat-stable enterotoxin. These studies demonstrate that the toxin acts through Ca²⁺-calmodulin, and secretion of Na⁺ and Cl^- in experimental animals is due to an increase in calcium absorption and an increase in calmodulin activity in the intestinal microvillar core.