Derivation of Unit Hydrograph from GIUH analysis for a Himalaya river

Abstract

Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most popular and widely used method for predicting flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. However, the non-availability of UH due to poor network of raingauge stations in flood prone Indian river basins is a major concern. The computation of Horton's ratios and their application in generating the Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) can provide a solution for ungauged rivers. A detailed drainage network analysis was carried out for a 5th order flood- prone Himalayan river system in order to highlight its significance in flood management program. The equations for GIUH of 5th order stream were derived through Markov Chain analysis. The GIUH model for the 5th order stream was used to derive the first ever analytical UH of the river. Further, it was applied to determine the 50-yr return period flood. The 50-yr return period flood matches with the result of flood frequency analysis based on observed peak discharge data. This drainage network analysis and application of GIUH can provide a significant contribution towards flood management program.