Seizure Threshold Estimation by Formula Method: A Prospective Study in Unilateral ECT

Abstract

Formula methods of estimating seizure threshold in bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been successful in 75% (at the first ECT) and 80% (at the sixth ECT) of treatments (Gangadhar et al., 1998). This study showed the same results for unilateral (UL) ECT patients. Its aim was to compare formula and titration methods for threshold determination. The seizure threshold (dependent variable) was determined by the titration method used at the first ECT in consecutive consenting patients (n = 80) prescribed UL ECT under general anesthesia. The independent variables were age, gender, diagnosis, illness severity, concurrent drugs, head circumference, and inion–nasion distance. Forward, step-wise, linear regression analysis showed age as the only significant predictor of seizure threshold (15% of variance). A formula based on regression analysis was prospectively applied in an independent sample (n = 30) of patients receiving UL ECT using the titration method for threshold determination. The results calculated a higher threshold than the actual threshold used in 14 patients, a threshold level in 8 patients, and below threshold in 8 patients. Formula-based estimates would have been successful in 22 (73%) patients, but the majority of them would have received higher than the recommended stimulus dose. Titration is the method preferred for clinical use. However, if a patient's doctor wishes to use the formula-based method, he or she should do so with specific considerations.