Versatility of Two Diimidazole Building Blocks in Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly

Abstract

A series of discrete molecular architectures was synthesized via self-assembly of two “linear” diimidazole donors [L1 = 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene and L2 = 1,1′-(2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(1H-imidazole)] independently with cis-[(tmeda)Pd(NO3)2] [tmeda = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine], cis-[(tmeda)Pt(NO3)2], a diplatinum(II) acceptor (bisPt), and Pd(NO3)2. The donors L1 and L2 are isostructural with four hydrogens in the benzene ring of L1, whereas in L2 two of such hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups. The assemblies were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses along with single-crystal structure determination of three of them. While the self-assembly of L1 with cis-[(tmeda)Pd(NO3)2] solely formed a [3 + 3] self-assembled molecular triangle (1), L2 with the same acceptor predominantly resulted in the formation of a [4 + 4] molecular square (3). Such a dramatic change in the final outcome in the coordination-driven self-assembly by simple alkyl substitution of isostructural donors is remarkable. Interestingly, self-assembly of L1 and L2 with analogous Pt(II) acceptor cis-[(tmeda)Pt(NO3)2] yielded mixtures of [3 + 3] triangle and [4 + 4] square, where the molecular triangles (4 and 6) were the predominant products in both the cases. The same donors in combination with a 0° acceptor bisPt independently formed the expected [2 + 2] metallo-macrocycles (8 and 9). Surprisingly, the macrocycle (9) involving L2 is found to exist in more than one conformation at room temperature. Moreover, the diimidazole donors formed unprecedented Pd6L12 molecular spheres (10 and 11) when they were separately treated with Pd(NO3)2. The imidazole moieties in the ligands are found to appear in versatile orientations in the synthesized molecules due to their rotational flexibility to produce required bite angles for the particular architecture.