H i 21 cm mapping of the host galaxy of AT2018cow: a fast-evolving luminous transient within a ring of high column density gas

Abstract

We report Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) HI 21cm imaging of CGCG 137-068, the host galaxy of the fast-evolving luminous transient (FELT) AT2018cow. This is the first study of the gas properties of a FELT host galaxy. We obtain a total HI mass of (6.6±0.9)×10⁸ M_⊙ for the host galaxy, which implies an atomic gas depletion time of 3 Gyr and a gas-to-stellar mass ratio of 0.47, consistent with values in normal star-forming dwarf galaxies. At spatial resolutions of ≥6 kpc, the HI of CGCG 137-068 appears to be distributed in a disk, in mostly regular rotation. However, at spatial resolutions of 2 kpc, the highest column density HI is found to lie in an asymmetric ring around the central regions, with HI column densities ≥1021 cm^-2; AT2018cow lies within this high column density ring. This HI ring could be suggestive of an interaction between CGCG 137-068 and a companion galaxy. Such a ring is ideal for the formation of compact regions of star formation hosting massive stars which are likely progenitors of FELTs. We measure a 1.4 GHz flux density of 1.13±0.13 mJy for AT2018cow on 2018 August 27.