Elevated level of interleukin-6 predicts organ failure and severe disease in patients with acute pancreatitis

Abstract

Background and Aim: Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim of the present paper was to study the profile of anti‐ and proinflammatory cytokines in AP and to determine their predictive value for severity of AP, organ failure and mortality. Methods: Consecutive patients with AP were included in the study. Cytokines were measured in those patients who presented within the first 72 h of the onset of AP. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐Iβ, IL‐6 and anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 were measured on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 of AP. Results: Of 108 patients, 30 presented within 72 h of the onset (mean age 40.27 ± 13.89 years; 22 males). Of the 30 patients, 13 (43.3%) had severe and 17 (56.7%) had mild pancreatitis. Eleven (36.7%) patients developed organ failure and three died. The level of IL‐6 on day 3 was significantly higher in severe pancreatitis than in mild pancreatitis (146.29 ± 57.53 pg/mL vs 91.42 ± 71.65 pg/mL; P = 0.04) and was significantly higher in patients who developed organ failure compared with those who did not (161.59 ± 53.46 pg/mL vs 88.16 ± 65.50 pg/mL; P = 0.004). At a cut‐off value of 122 pg/mL on day 3, IL‐6 predicted organ failure and severe pancreatitis with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 77.7%, respectively. TNF‐α and IL‐10 were detectable only in one‐third of patients and were not related to the severity of pancreatitis, while Il‐1β was not detectable. Conclusion: Elevated levels of IL‐6 predicted organ failure and severe pancreatitis and suggested its pathophysiological significance in AP.