Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of South Indian medicinal plants against Leishmania donovani

Abstract

Infections due to protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial activity of the acetone and methanol leaf extracts of Anisomeles malabarica, flower of Gloriosa superba, leaf of Ocimum basilicum, leaf and seed of Ricinus communis against promastigotes form of Leishmania donovani. Antiparasitic evaluations of different plant crude extracts were performed on 96 well plates at 37 °C for 24–48 h. Out of the 10 experimental plant extracts tested, the leaf methanol extracts of A. malabarica, and R. communis showed good antileishmanial activity (IC₅₀ = 126 ± 19.70 and 184 ± 39.33 μg/mL), respectively against promastigotes. Effective antileishmanial activity was observed making these plants as good candidates for isolation of antiprotozoal compounds which could serve as new lead structures for drug development.