Prevention of hypoglycemia: a controlled evaluation of sugar fortified milk feeding in small-for-gestational age infants

Abstract

The study population included 110 term healthy small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants having a blood sugar of > 30 mg/dl at the age of < 30 minutes. They were randomized into two groups; (a) Group I (study group) received sugar-fortified milk formula and (b) Group II (control group) received standard milk formula. A minimum of 80 ml/kg/24 hour of milk was given. The first feeding was given within 45 minutes of birth and subsequently at 2 hours of age and then every 2 hourly till the age of 24 hours. The blood sugar (initial within 30 minutes of birth) was monitored at the age of 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours by dextrostix. The babies on fortified feeds received significantly (p < 0.001) higher amount of carbohydrate (8.1 mg/kg/min) as compared to those on standard milk (5.1 mg/kg/min). The incidence of hypoglycemia was reduced significantly (p < 0.01) by the sugar-fortified feeds. The mean blood sugar level in babies receiving fortified feeds was significantly higher at all the ages as compared to those receiving standard feeds. Nearly all the babies who subsequently developed hypoglycemia had a preceding blood sugar value of less than 60 mg/dl. The study highlights that sugar-fortified milk feeds are useful in preventing hypoglycemia in SGA infants and should be routinely recommended along with breast feeding in developing countries especially when facilities for monitoring of blood sugar are unsatisfactory or not available.