Sperm immobilizing effect of leaves extracts of Cestrum parqui

Abstract

Objective: The leaves extracts of Cestrum parqui were reported to have spermicidal activity. The current investigation identified the spermicidal component of the extracts and evaluated its spermicidal potential in vitro, particularly the effects on sperm motility and vitality. Methods: Sperms were prepared by discontinuous buoyant density gradient centrifugation and incubated with varying concentrations of extract from C. parqui (40-250 μg/ml) at 37°C and 5% CO(2). The mode of spermicidal action was evaluated by sperm motility and vitality at different intervals ranging from 5 to 240 minutes. Morphological changes in human spermatozoa after exposure to the extract were evaluated under transmission electron microscope. Results: A dose- and time-dependent effect of this extract on sperm motility and viability was observed. The mean effective concentration of extracts that induced irreversible immobilization was 250 μg/ml. Transmission electron microscope revealed a significant damage to sperm membrane in head and acrosomal membranes, notable swelling and disruption. Conclusion: Our study indicates that this natural extract has potential spermicidal effect in vitro. It can adequately replace nonoxynol-9 in vaginal contraceptives to make them more vaginally safe and ecofriendly.