Insights on defect-mediated heterogeneous nucleation of graphene on copper

Ghosh, Priyadarshini ; Kumar, Shishir ; Ramalingam, Gopalakrishnan ; Kochat, Vidya ; Radhakrishnan, Madhavan ; Dhar, Sukanya ; Suwas, Satyam ; Ghosh, Arindam ; Ravishankar, N. ; Raghavan, Srinivasan (2015) Insights on defect-mediated heterogeneous nucleation of graphene on copper Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 119 (5). pp. 2513-2522. ISSN 1932-7447

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Official URL: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp510556t

Related URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp510556t

Abstract

The grain size of monolayer large area graphene is key to its performance. Microstructural design for the desired grain size requires a fundamental understanding of graphene nucleation and growth. The two levers that can be used to control these aspects are the defect density, whose population can be controlled by annealing, and the gas-phase supersaturation for activation of nucleation at the defect sites. We observe that defects on copper surface, namely dislocations, grain boundaries, triple points and rolling marks, initiate nucleation of graphene. We show that among these defects dislocations are the most potent nucleation sites, as they get activated at lowest supersaturation. As an illustration, we tailor the defect density and supersaturation to change the domain size of graphene from <1 μm2 to >100 μm2 . Growth data reported in the literature has been summarized on a supersaturation plot and a regime for defect-dominated growth has been identified. In this growth regime, we demonstrate the spatial control over nucleation at intentionally introduced defects, paving the way for patterned growth of graphene. Our results provide a unified framework for understanding the role of defects in graphene nucleation and can be used as a guideline for controlled growth of graphene.

Item Type:Article
Source:Copyright of this article belongs to American Chemical Society.
ID Code:101475
Deposited On:01 Feb 2018 10:02
Last Modified:01 Feb 2018 10:02

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