Numerical simulation of severe local storms over east India using WRF-NMM mesoscale model

Abstract

A common feature of the weather during the pre-monsoon season (March–May) over the east and northeast India is the outburst of severe local storms which have significant socio-economic impact due to loss of lives and properties. Forecasting thunderstorms is one of the most difficult tasks in weather prediction, due to their rather small spatial and temporal scales and the inherent non-linearity of their dynamics and physics. In the present study, an attempt has been made to simulate severe local storms that occurred over east India during STORM field experiments 2007, 2009 and 2010, using Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) and validate the model results with observation. This study shows that the NMM model holds better promise for prediction of thunderstorm with reasonable accuracy. The intensity of rainfall rates is in good agreement with the observation. The model has well captured the stability indices, which act as indicators of severe convective activity. The surface temperature and relative humidity over Kolkata are reasonably well simulated by the NMM model even though one hour time lag or lead exists. The model simulated well the updraft and downdraft over Kolkata, which is an important phenomenon related to thunderstorm life cycle. From the model simulated spatial plots of composite radar reflectivity and cloud top temperature, we can see that the model has also been able to capture the movement of thunder squall. The results of these analyses determined that the 3 km WRF-NMM model has good skill when it comes to the thunderstorm simulation.