Inhibition of tumour growth with 2: 5-dicarbethoxy-3 : 4-dihydroxy-thiophene

Abstract

The possibility of preferential inhibition of tumour growth with antimetabolites of hexose monophosphate pathway intermediates was suggested by Sahasrabudhe. In pursuance of this suggestion it was shown that thiophene-2 : 5-dicarboxylic acid, administered as its sodium salt, significantly inhibited the growth of transplantable fibrosarcoma in mice, and also increased the survival of Yoshida (ascites) sarcoma-bearing rats. It was further shown that since this sodium salt is soluble in water, it was probably excreted rapidly. When the total daily dose of thiophene-2 : 5-dicarboxylic acid was increased and the injection schedule evenly spaced during the day to maintain adequate drug concentration, it was found that the inhibitory effects were significantly enhanced. It was therefore felt that if the free carboxy groups of the acid were esterified to reduce its solubility in water, the drug concentration might remain steady in the system for longer periods. In addition to this, if two hydroxy groups are introduced at the third and fourth positions of the thiophene-2 : 5-dicarboxylic acid molecule, it was thought that the resemblance between the sugar intermediates of the hexose monophosphate pathway and the antimetabolite would be increased, and the effectivity against cancer might also increase. With these objectives in view 2 : 5-dicarbethoxy-3 : 4-dihydroxy-thiophene (hereafter referred as 'Dicetol') was synthesized. Dicetol is insoluble in water and therefore it was converted into a water-soluble disodio-dicetol by treatment with ethanolic sodium ethoxide, to facilitate its administration in aqueous medium. Disodio-dicetol readily hydrolyses in the presence of carbon dioxide. It was therefore felt that the water-soluble compound, used for practical reasons, would be transformed in the body into an insoluble dicetol, which would probably be retained in the system for longer periods. The present communication reports the results of preliminary screening trials with disodio-dicetol.