Involvement of residues 147VYYEIGK153 in binding of lethal factor to protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis

Abstract

Anthrax toxin is a complex of protective antigen (PA, 735 aa), lethal factor (LF, 776 aa), and edema factor (EF, 767 aa). PA binds to cell surface receptors and is cleaved by cell surface proteases into PA₆₃, while LF and EF compete for binding to PA₆₃. The PA₆₃-LF/EF complex is internalized into the cytosol and causes different pathogenic responses in animals and cultured cells. 1-300 amino acid residues of LF have been viewed as the region responsible for the high affinity binding of LF to PA. Amino acid analysis of LF and EF revealed a common stretch of 7 amino acids (147VYYEIGK153). In the present study, each amino acid of this stretch was replaced by alanine at a time. Y148A, Y149A, I151A, and K153A mutants were found to be deficient in their ability to lyse J774A.1 cells and their binding ability to PA₆₃ was drastically reduced. We propose that these four amino acids play a crucial role in the process of binding of LF to PA₆₃.