Double [2+2] photocycloaddition: topochemical conversion of 4-methyl-7-styrylcoumarin dimorphs into a strained cyclophane

Abstract

2-Pyranone-annulated trans-stilbene, viz., 4-methyl-7-styrylcoumarin (4), crystallizes in two photoreactive plate-and needle-like crystal modifications, each of which undergoes topochemically controlled stereospecific double [2+2] photocycloaddition to afford a strained tricyclic paracyclophane 6 in an isolated yield determined essentially by the molecular packing of the precursor modification. That the double photocycloaddition occurs under a strict control of the crystal lattice is demonstrated by the fact that the intermediary mono-cycloaddition product 5 does not lead to the double dimer upon photolysis either as an amorphous powder or as a thin film or in the solution state. In the context of polymorphism, the dimorphs of 4 constitute the first examples of photoreactive crystal modifications that undergo rare double [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions to yield a highly strained and otherwise inaccessible cyclophane.