Multiphase reactions in the manufacture of fine chemicals

Abstract

Multiphase reactions are ubiquitous in the manufacture of fine chemicals. In many reactions, including biochemical, it is useful to convert a homogeneous liquid phase reaction into a two-phase reaction. Phase transfer catalysis has made a dramatic impact. The selectivity for the desired product can be manipulated through the management of the micro- and macro- environment with micelles, microemulsions, hydrotropes, zeolites, molecular engineered layered structures and cyclodextrins. Photochemical reactions are also important in special cases. The role of mass transfer with chemical reaction in such systems has not been adequately delineated. The strategy for operating a multiphase reactor should be carefully selected.