Isoelectronic changes in energy of quark atoms and molecules via the Levy equation

Abstract

Z-transition state calculations based on the Levy equation suggest that the isoelectronic changes in energy of quark atoms, Q, (ordinary atoms with extra nuclear charge in units of ±⅓ and/or ±⅔) can be expressed quantitatively in terms of the electrostatic potential at the nucleus of an isoelectronic ordinary atom. Numerical tests within the local density functional theory are presented for the quark atoms of Li-F. The ab initio MO (molecular orbital) calculations using STO-5G basis on the C₂ molecule and its quark derivatives lead to similar conclusions.