Grain boundary microstructural control through thermomechanical processing in a titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel

Abstract

The present study discusses the grain boundary microstructural control in a 15Cr-15Ni-2.2Mo-Ti modified austenitic stainless steel (commonly known as alloy D9) through a one-step thermomechanical treatment. The experimental methodology adopted in this investigation was based on the strain annealing approach in which a small amount of strain (5 to 15 pct) was imparted on the solution-annealed (SA) sample. The cold-deformed samples were subsequently annealed at various temperatures (1173 to 1273 K) for different time periods (0.5 to 2 hours). It was observed that annealing after 5 pct deformation induces anomalous grain growth with a moderate increase in number fraction of coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries. However, a prestrain of 10 to 15 pct followed by annealing at 1273 K for 0.5 to 2 hours was found to be a suitable thermomechanical processing schedule to increase the number fraction of CSL boundaries (particularly ∑3 and its variants) significantly. Further, the well-connected network of random grain boundaries present in the SA specimen was substantially disrupted in these processing conditions due to the incorporation of ∑3 and its variants. The preceding results were discussed with reference to strain-induced grain growth vis-à-vis strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM) following deformation and annealing.