Studies on multi-metal ion tolerance of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Abstract

The influence of different concentrations of base metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺, when present either alone or in different possible binary and ternary combinations in a 9K medium, on the ferrous ion oxidation ability of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied. Levels and degree of toxicity of these ions have been quantified in terms of toxicity index (TI). Copper and zinc tolerant strains of the bacteria were developed through serial subculturing and their activity tested in the presence of the above metal ions in comparison with the behavior of wild unadapted cells under similar conditions. Copper tolerant strains (25 g/L Cu²⁺) were found to be more efficient in the bioleaching of both copper and zinc concentrates than wild unadapted strains, while zinc tolerant strains (40 g/L Zn²⁺) exhibited better leaching efficiency only in the bioleaching of sphalerite concentrates. The significance and relevance of multi-metal ion tolerance in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been highlighted with respect to bioleaching of sulphide mineral concentrates.