Nonprogressive juvenile-onset spinal muscular atrophy: a clinico-radiological and CAG repeat study of androgen receptor gene

Abstract

Background: Occurrence of nonprogressive juvenile-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) predominantly in males suggests a possibility of X-linked disorder but there is no such report addressing this problem. Aims: To evaluate CAG repeat expansion of androgen receptor (AR) gene in patients with nonprogressive juvenile-onset SMA. Setting: Tertiary medical teaching institute. Subjects and methods: Patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of nonprogressive juvenile-onset SMA were included. Detailed clinical evaluation and pedigree charting were done in all. Nerve conduction study, electromyography and cervical spinal MRI were carried out. From peripheral venous blood, DNA was separated and AR gene CAG repeat exon polymorphism was assayed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in conjugation with genotyping and Gene scan soft ware. Number of CAG repeats was compared with normal controls. Results: 25 patients with nonprogressive juvenile-onset SMA from 24 families were included and their mean age was 22.2 years. Age at the time of disease onset ranged between 15 and 30 years with a mean duration of illness 2.6 years. None of the patients had testicular atrophy or gynecomastia. C7-T1 myotomal wasting and weakness although was unilateral to begin with but became bilateral in 16 and 4 more patients had evidences of subclinical involvement of the other side as revealed by EMG. Spinal MRI revealed cord atrophy at C6-8 vertebral level in 16 patients. CAG repeat study of AR gene was carried out in 16 patients. The number of CAG repeats in patients ranged between 15 and 39 (median 21) which were within the normal range. Conclusion: Abnormal CAG repeat expansion of AR gene is not found in patients with nonprogressive juvenile-onset SMA.