Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome

Kumar, Ramesh ; Shalimar, ; Bhatia, Vikram ; Khanal, Shankar ; Sreenivas, V. ; Gupta, S. Datta ; Panda, Subrat Kumar ; Acharya, Subrat K. (2010) Antituberculosis therapy-induced acute liver failure: magnitude, profile, prognosis, and predictors of outcome Hepatology, 51 (5). pp. 1665-1674. ISSN 0270-9139

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Official URL: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/1232664...

Related URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.23534

Abstract

Antituberculosis therapy (ATT)-associated acute liver failure (ATT-ALF) is the commonest drug-induced ALF in South Asia. Prospective studies on ATT-ALF are lacking. The current study prospectively evaluated the magnitude, clinical course, outcome, and prognostic factors in ATT-ALF. From January 1986 to January 2009, 1223 consecutive ALF patients were evaluated: ATT alone was the cause in 70 (5.7%) patients. Another 15 (1.2%) had ATT and simultaneous hepatitis virus infection. In 44 (62.8%) patients, ATT was prescribed empirically without definitive evidence of tuberculosis. ATT-ALF patients were younger (32.87 [± 15.8] years), and 49 (70%) of them were women. Most had hyperacute presentation; the median icterus encephalopathy interval was 4.5 (0-30) days. The median duration of ATT before ALF was 30 (7-350) days. At presentation, advanced encephalopathy and cerebral edema were present in 51 (76%) and 29 (41.4%) patients, respectively. Gastrointestinal bleed, seizures, infection, and acute renal failure were documented in seven (10%), five (7.1%), 26 (37.1%), and seven (10%) patients, respectively. Compared with hepatitis E virus (HEV) and non-A non-E-induced ALF, ATT-ALF patients had nearly similar presentations except for older age and less elevation of liver enzymes. The mortality rate among patients with ATT-ALF was high (67.1%, n = 47), and only 23 (32.9%) patients recovered with medical treatment. In multivariate analysis, three factors independently predicted mortality: serum bilirubin (≥ 10.8 mg/dL), prothrombin time (PT) prolongation (≥26 seconds), and grade III/IV encephalopathy at presentation. Conclusion: ATT-ALF constituted 5.7% of ALF at our center and had a high mortality rate. Because the mortality rate is so high, determining which factors are predictors is less important. A high proportion of patients had consumed ATT empirically, which could have been prevented.

Item Type:Article
Source:Copyright of this article belongs to American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
ID Code:128
Deposited On:17 Sep 2010 06:59
Last Modified:11 May 2011 07:00

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