Experimental investigation on the susceptibility of minimal networks to a change in topology and number of oscillators

Abstract

Understanding the global dynamical behavior of a network of coupled oscillators has been a topic of immense research in many fields of science and engineering. Various factors govern the resulting dynamical behavior of such networks, including the number of oscillators and their coupling schemes. Although these factors are seldom significant in large populations, a small change in them can drastically affect the global behavior in small populations. In this paper, we perform an experimental investigation on the effect of these factors on the coupled behavior of a minimal network of candle-flame oscillators. We observe that strongly coupled oscillators exhibit the global behavior of in-phase synchrony and amplitude death, irrespective of the number and the topology of oscillators. However, when they are weakly coupled, their global behavior exhibits the intermittent occurrence of multiple stable states in time. We report the experimental discovery of partial amplitude death in a network of candle-flame oscillators, in addition to the observation of other dynamical states including clustering, chimera, and weak chimera. We also show that closed-loop networks tend to hold global synchronization for longer duration as compared to open-loop networks.