A broad pore size distribution mesoporous SnO2 as anode for lithium-ion batteries

Shiva, Konda ; Kiran, M. S. R. N. ; Ramamurty, U. ; Asokan, S. ; Bhattacharyya, Aninda J. (2012) A broad pore size distribution mesoporous SnO2 as anode for lithium-ion batteries Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 16 (11). pp. 3643-3649. ISSN 1432-8488

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Official URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10008-0...

Related URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-012-1797-1

Abstract

We demonstrate here that mesoporous tin dioxide (abbreviated M-SnO2) with a broad pore size distribution can be a prospective anode in lithium-ion batteries. M-SnO2 with pore size ranging between 2 and 7.5 nm was synthesized using a hydrothermal procedure involving two different surfactants of slightly different sizes, and characterized. The irreversible capacity loss that occurs during the first discharge and charge cycle is 890 mAh g−1, which is smaller than the 1,010-mAh g−1 loss recorded for mesoporous SnO2 (abbreviated S-SnO2) synthesized using a single surfactant. After 50 cycles, the discharge capacity of M-SnO2 (504 mAh g−1) is higher than that of S-SnO2 (401 mAh g−1) and solid nanoparticles of SnO2 (abbreviated nano-SnO2 < 4 mAh g−1) and nano-SnO2. Transmission electron microscopy revealed higher disorder in the pore arrangement in M-SnO2. This, in turn imparts lower stiffness to M-SnO2 (elastic modulus, ER ≈ 14.5 GPa) vis-a-vis S-SnO2 (ER ≈ 20.5 GPa), as obtained using the nanoindentation technique. Thus, the superior battery performance of M-SnO2 is attributed to its intrinsic material mechanical property. The fluidity of the internal microstructure of M-SnO2 resulted in a lower degree of aggregation of Sn particles compared to S-SnO2 and nano-SnO2 structural stabilization and long-term cyclability.

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